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Barbow's  Mirror  Cruising-  Compass. 


-'• 


t  - 

BARBOWS 
BOOKLET 


Tree  Scale  and 
Section  Diagram 

USEFUL     TO 

Timber  Estimators 
Timber  Owners 
and  Compass  Men 


"Let  things  that  have  to  be  done  be 
learned  by  doing  them" 


Copyright  1909 

By  JOSEPH  BARBOW 

Portland,  Oregon 


PREFACE 


-  •>* 

GOOD  AUTHORITIES  claim 
that  a  precise  rule  to  scale 
standing  timber  is  most  diffi- 
cult to  be  arrived  at;  indeed, 
we  believe  it.  My  method  is 
merely  to  arrive  at  the  next 
best. 

The  author's  desire  is  merely 
to  place  before  the  intelligent 
beginner  and  the  old  woods- 
men condensed  information 
which  he  sincerely  hopes  will 
be  found  of  value. 

Joszrn  BARBOW, 

PORTLAND,  OREGON 


J£v. 


!!  ;'!l    heiqttt.     13.  loqs 
5    Staff.      .44-  =60" 

=  ,32  4-00'  B.M~- 
.jjvi-irl    *°9  ft F  Af  >37 


Barbow's  Mirror  Cruising  Compass 

Includes  elements  to  facilitate  compassing. 
Also  a  simple  device,  comprising,  an  indi- 
cator, a  log  division,  a  reading  mirror,  a  pair 
of  sights,  and  a  folding  scale.  For  the  pur- 
poses of  determining  the  number  of  logs  in  a 
tree,  and  its  diameter  at  the  point  of  mean 
height, 

First  Observation.  Pace  out  18  paces,  or 
measure  96  feet  from  the  base  of  the  tree.  At 
this  point  hold  up  compass  box  vertically 
and  sight  along  the  upper  edge  to  top  of  tree, 
and  note  the  number  of  16-feet  logs  indi- 
cated in  mirror. 

Second  Observation.  Standing  at  the  same 
point,  sight  between  the  pair  of  sights,  to 
point  of  mean  height  on  the  tree,  at  the  same 
time  holding  knot  on  cord  at  the  eye  (the  eye 
is  now  equal  to  12  inches  from  the  sights.) 
(having  previously  opened  the  folding  scale 
which  now  rests  on  partly  closed  cover.) 
Carefully  sight  and  continue  to  close  cover  until 
each  sight  coincides  with  the  width  of  the 
tree.  This  having  been  done  carefully,  read 
the  scale  which  is  divided  in  one  hundredths 
of  an  inch,  to  correspond  with  the  width  of 
the  tree  in  inches,  when  the  reading  on  scale 
is  .40,  the  tree  is  40  inches  diameter,  if  .55, 
the  tree  is  55  inches  diameter,  etc. 

NOTE — This  scale  corresponding  with  the 
width  of  the  tree  will  be  found  precise  enough 
for  all  trees  containing  no  more  than  four 
logs. 

And  all  trees  above  four  logs  one  may  trace 
its  diameter  by  consulting  "Tree  Scale  in 
Booklet." 

First  Example.  One  finds  the  tree  to 
contain  5  logs,  and  the  reading  of  the  "Scale" 
to  be  .38.  See  Page  13,  find  5  logs  line,  then 


.38  stands  under  the  head  of  40  inches 
diameter.  Amount  in  feet,  5950.  Size  of 
timber,  .84  log  per  thousand  feet. 

Second  Example.  One  finds  the  tree  to 
contain  12  logs,  and  the  reading  of  scale  .55 
See  page  20,  in  the  same  manner  find  12  logs 
line,  then  .55  under  the  head  of  75  inches 
diameter,  amount  in  feet  51600.  Size  of 
timber  .23  log  per  thousand  feet,  etc. 

Remark  First.  Ascertain  diameter  at  the 
point  of  mean  height  on  the  tree,  and  deduct 
the  bark. 

(Except  in  case  of  one  log  tree,  when 
diameter  of  top  end  should  be  used.) 

Remark  Second.  There  may  be  found  cases 
when  the  woodsman  may  find  it  advis- 
able to  deduct  1  and  even  2  inches,  as  well 
as  the  bark  from  the  ascertained  diameter. 
For  instance,  when  a  tree  is  both  small  and 
short,  another,  may  be  large  but  short,  de- 
duct 1  and  2  inches,  respectively. 

NOTE — Remark  2nd  applies  to  contents 
of  trees  in  feet  only. 

Remark  Third.  To  contents  of  cordwood 
given  add  1  to  10%  for  close  to  loose  piling 
respectively,  as  well  as  retaining  the  bark; 
add  tops  if  used. 

Remark  Fourth.  Number  of  Ties  is 
approximated . 

Remark  Fifth.  The  contents  given  in 
feet  for  each  tree  is  based  on  Spaulding  Log 
Rule. 


First  Column—Number  of  16  feet  logs  in  the  tree 

Second   Column — Diameter  of  tree,  in  bold 

face  figures,  at  mean  height,  with  reading 

of  Folding  Scale  in  inches,  and  hundredths 

underneath  it. 

Third  Column — Number  of  feet  B.  M.  in  the 
123  4  52345 


! 

Dia 
10 

I 

1 

.8 

Dia 
11 

$ 

0 

fc 

1 

8 

H 

i 

2 
3 
4 
5 

.10 
.10 
.10 
-.10 

50 
100 
150 
200 

.09 

.18 
.27 
.36 

2 
4 
6 
8 

.11 
.11 
.11 
.11 
10 

60 
120 
180 
240 
300 

.10 
.20 
.30 
.40 
50 

2 
4 
6 
8 
10 

R 

10 

360 

60 

12 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 

1?, 

20.00 

16.67 

1 

Dia 

f 

12 

1 

Dia 

3 

* 

8 

^ 

12 

I 

& 

H 

13 

EN 

0 

£ 

1 

.1?, 

80 

.12 

2 

.13 

100 

.15 

2 

2 

.12 

160 

.25 

4 

.13 

200 

.30 

4 

3 

.12 

240 

.37 

6 

.13 

300 

.45 

6 

4 

.12 

320 

.50 

8 

.13 

400 

.60 

8 

5 

.11 

400 

.62 

10 

.12 

500 

.75 

10 

6 

.11 

480 

.75 

12 

.12 

600 

.90 

12 

7 

.11 

560 

.87 

14 

.12 

700 

1.05 

14 

8 

.10 

640 

1.00 

16 

.11 

800 

1.20 

16 

q 

11 

900 

1  35 

1H 

10 

10 

1000 

1  50 

90 

11 

1? 

12.50 

10.00 

tree,  with  number  of    logs  per  M.,  given 

in  logs  and  hundred ths,  underneath  it. 
Fourth  Column — Number  of  cords  of  wood 

in  the  tree,  given  in  cords  and  hundredths. 
Fifth  Column — Number  of    ties  in  tree,  tie 

7  by  9  inches,  and  8  feet  long. 
123  4523  45 


Dia 

1 

1 

8 

Dia 

1 

1 

8 

14 

& 

3 

P 

15 

£ 

8 

— 

.14 

120 

.17 

2 

.15 

140 

.20 

4 

.14 

240 

.34 

4 

.15 

280 

.40 

8 

.14 

360 

.51 

6 

.15 

420 

.60 

12 

.14 

480 

.68 

8 

.15 

560 

.80 

16 

.13 

600 

.85 

10 

.14 

700 

1.00 

20 

.13 

720 

1.02 

12 

.14 

840 

1.20 

24 

.13 

840 

1.19 

14 

.14 

980 

1.40 

28 

.12 

960 

1.36 

16 

.13 

1120 

1.60 

32 

.12 

1080 

1.53 

18 

.12 

1260 

1.80 

36 

.11 

1200 

1.70 

20 

.12 

1400 

2.00 

40 

.11 

1320 

1.87 

22 

.12 

1540 

2.20 

44 

.10 

1440 

2.04 

24 

.11 

1680 

2.40 

48 

8.33 

7.14 

! 

Dia 
16 

1 

1 

O 

1 

Dia 
17 

• 
£ 

| 

a 

I 

H 

i 

.16 

160 

.22 

4 

.17 

190 

.25 

4 

2 

.16 

320 

.44 

8 

.17 

380 

.50 

8 

3 

.16 

480 

.66 

12 

.17 

570 

.75 

12 

4 

.16 

640 

.88 

16 

.17 

760 

1.00 

16 

5 

.15 

800 

1.10 

20 

.16 

950 

1.25 

20 

6 

.15 

960 

1.32 

24 

.16 

1140 

1.50 

24 

7 

.14 

1120 

1.54 

28 

.15 

1330 

1.75 

28 

8 

.14 

1280 

1.76 

32 

.15 

1520 

2.00 

32 

9 

.13 

1440 

1.98 

36 

.14 

1710 

2.25 

36 

10 

.13 

1600 

2.20 

40 

.14 

1900 

2.50 

40 

11 

.12 

1760 

2.42 

44 

.13 

2090 

2.75 

44 

12 

.12 

1920 

2.64 

48 

.12 

2280 

3.00 

48 

6.25 

5.26 

First  Column—Number  of  16  feet  logs  in  the  tree 

Second   Column — Diameter  of  tree,   in   bold 

face  figures,  at  mean  height,  with  reading 

of  Folding  Scale  in  inches,  and  hundredths 

underneath  it. 

Third  Column — Number  of  feet  B.  M.  in  the 
1234523  45 


1 

Dia 
18 

I 

l 

8 

P 

Dia 
19 

1 

-H 
3 

A 

1 

.18 

220 

.28 

4 

.19 

250 

.31 

6 

2 

.18 

440 

.56 

8 

.19 

500 

.62 

12 

3 

.18 

660 

.84 

12 

.19 

750 

.93 

18 

4 

.18 

880 

1.12 

16 

.19 

1000 

1.24 

24 

5 

.17 

1100 

1.40 

20 

.18 

1250 

1.55 

30 

6 

.17 

1320 

1.68 

?,4 

.18 

1500 

1.86 

36 

7 

.16 

1540 

1.96 

28 

.17 

1750 

2.17 

42 

8 

.16 

1760 

2.24 

32 

.17 

2000 

2.48 

48 

9 

.15 

1980 

2.52 

36 

.16 

2250 

2.79 

54 

10 

.14 

2200 

2.80 

40 

.15 

2500 

3.10 

60 

11 

.14 

2420 

3.08 

44 

.15 

2750 

3.41 

66 

12 

.13 

2640 

3.36 

48 

14 

3000 

3.72 

72 

4.55 

4.00 

1 

Dia 
20 

1 

I 

1 

Dia 
21 

I 

I 

I 

s 

1 

.20 

280 

.35 

6 

.21 

310 

.38 

8 

2 

.20 

560 

.70 

12 

.21 

620 

.76 

16 

3 

.20 

840 

1.05 

18 

.21 

930 

1.14 

24 

4 

.20 

1120 

1.40 

24 

.21 

1240 

1.52 

32 

5 

.19 

1400 

1.75 

30 

.20 

1550 

1.90 

40 

6 

.19 

1680 

2.10 

36 

.20 

1860 

2.28 

48 

7 

.18 

1960 

2.45 

42 

.19 

2170 

2.66 

56 

8 

.17 

2240 

2.80 

48 

.18 

2480 

3.04 

64 

9 

.17 

2520 

3.15 

54 

.18 

2790 

3.42 

72 

10 

.16 

2800 

3.50 

60 

.17 

3100 

3.80 

80 

11 

.15 

3080 

3.85 

66 

.16 

3410 

4.18 

88 

12 

.15 

3360 

4.20 

72 

.15 

3720 

4.56 

96 

3.57 

3.23 

tree  with  number  of    logs    per  M.,  given 

in  logs  and  hundredths,  underneath  it. 
Fourth  Column — Number  of  cords  of  wood 

in  the  tree,  given  in  cords  and  hundredths. 
Fifth  Column — Number  of  ties  in  tree,   tie, 

7  by  9  inches,  and  8  feet  long. 
1234523  45 


Dia 
22 

I 

1 

03 

.2 

Dia 
23 

I 

I 

.8 

.22 

340 

.42 

8 

.23 

380 

.46 

8 

.22 

680 

.84 

16 

.23 

760 

.92 

16 

.22 

1020 

1.26 

24 

.23 

1140 

1.38 

24 

.22 

1360 

1.68 

32 

.23 

1520 

1.84 

32 

.21 

1700 

2.10 

40 

.22 

1900 

2.30 

40 

.21 

2040 

2.52 

48 

.21 

2280 

2.76 

48 

.20 

2380 

2.94 

56 

.21 

2660 

3.22 

56 

.19 

2720 

3.36 

64 

.20 

3040 

3.68 

64 

.18 

3060 

3.78 

72 

.19 

3420 

4.14 

72 

.18 

3400 

4.20 

80 

.18 

3800 

4.60 

80 

.17 

3740 

4.62 

88 

.18 

4180 

5.06 

88 

.16 

4080 

5.04 

96 

.17 

4560 

5.52 

96 

2.94 

2.63 

Dia 
24 

1 

1 

S 

H 

Dia 
25 

f 

I 

8 
H 

.24 

410 

.50 

10 

.25 

450 

.54 

10 

.24 

820 

1.00 

20 

.25 

900 

1.08 

20 

.24 

1230 

1.50 

30 

.25 

1350 

1.62 

30 

.24 

1640 

2.00 

40 

.25 

1800 

2.16 

40 

.23 

2050 

2.50 

50 

.24 

2250 

2.70 

50 

.22 

2460 

3.00 

60 

.23 

2700 

3.24 

60 

.22 

2870 

3.50 

70 

.23 

3150 

3.78 

70 

.21 

3280 

4.00 

80 

.22 

3600 

4.32 

80 

.20 

3690 

4.50 

90 

.21 

4050 

4.86 

90 

.19 

4100 

5.00 

100 

.20 

4500 

5.40 

100 

.18 

4510 

5.50 

1.10 

.1.9 

4950 

5.94 

110 

.18 

4920 

6.00 

120 

.18 

5400 

6.48 

120 

2.44 

2.22 

First  Column— N  umber  of  16  feet  logs  in  the  tree 

Second  Column — Diameter   of   tree,    in    bold 

face  figures,  at  mean  height,  with  reading 

of  Folding  Scale  in  inches,  and  hundredths 

underneath  it. 

Third  Column — Number  of  feet  B.  M.  in  the 
123  4523  45 


g 

J 

"g 

" 

"S 

"2 

CO 

0 

Dia 
26 

i 

3 

£ 

Dia 
27 

1 

3 

cu 

1 

.26 

490 

.59 

10 

.27 

530 

.63 

12 

2 

.26 

980 

1.18 

20 

.27 

1060 

1.26 

24 

3 

.26 

1470 

1.77 

30 

.27 

1590 

1.89 

36 

4 

.26 

1960 

2.36 

40 

.27 

2120 

2.52 

48 

5 

.25 

2450 

2.95 

50 

.26 

2650 

3.15 

60 

6 

.24 

2940 

3.54 

60 

.25 

3180 

3.78 

72 

7 

.23 

3430 

4.13 

70 

.24 

3710 

4.41 

84 

8 

.23 

3920 

4.72 

80 

.23 

4240 

5.04 

96 

9 

.22 

4410 

5.31 

90 

.22 

4770 

5.67 

108 

10 

.21 

4900 

5.90 

100 

.22 

5300 

6.30 

120 

11 

.20 

5390 

6.49 

110 

.21 

5830 

6.93 

132 

12 

.19 

5880 

7.08 

120 

.20 

6360 

7.56 

144 

2.04 

1.89 

1 

Dia 

1 

t_i 
o 

S 

Dia 

1 

"H 

o 

g 

J 

28 

fe 

0 

£ 

29 

fe 

0 

H 

1 

.28 

570 

.68 

12 

.29 

610 

.73 

12 

2 

.28 

1140 

1.36 

24 

.29 

1220 

1.46 

24 

3 

.28 

1710 

2.04 

36 

.29 

1830 

2.19 

36 

4 

.28 

2280  j  2.72 

48 

.29 

2440 

2.92 

48 

5 

.27 

28501  3.40 

60 

.28 

3050 

3.65 

60 

6 

.26 

3420 

4.08 

72 

.27 

3660 

4.38 

72 

7 

.25 

3990 

4.76 

84 

.26 

4270 

5.11 

84 

8 

.24 

4560 

5.44 

96 

.25 

4880 

5.84 

96 

9 

.23 

5130 

6.12 

108 

.24 

5490 

6.57 

108 

10 

.22 

5700 

6.80 

120 

.23 

6100 

7.30 

120 

11 

.22 

6270 

7.48 

132 

.22 

6710 

8.03 

132 

12 

.21 

6840 

8.16 

144 

.21 

7320 

8.76 

144 

1.75 

1.64 

10 


tree,  with  number  of    logs   per  M.,  given 

in  logs  and  hundredths,  underneath  it. 
Fourth  Column — Number  of  cords  of  wood 

in  the  tree,  given  in  cords  and  hundredths. 
Fifth  Column — Number   of   ties   in   tree,    tie 

7  by  9  inches,  and  8  feet  long. 
123452345 


Dia 
30 

1 

1 

1 

Dia 
31 

1 
1 

1 

1 

.30 

660 

.78 

14 

.31 

700 

.83 

14 

.30 

1320 

1.56 

28 

.31 

1400 

1.66 

28 

.30 

1980 

2.34 

42 

.31 

2100 

2.49 

42 

.30 

2640 

3.12 

56 

.31 

2800 

3.32 

56 

.29 

3300 

3.90 

70 

.30 

3500 

4.15 

70 

.28 

3960 

4.68 

84 

.29 

4200 

4.98 

84 

.27 

4620 

5.46 

98 

.28 

4900 

5.81 

98 

.26 

5280 

6.24 

112 

.27 

5600 

6.64 

112 

.25 

5940 

7.02 

126 

.26 

6300 

7.47 

126 

.24 

6600 

7.80 

140 

.25 

7000 

8.30 

140 

.23 

7260 

8.58 

154 

.24 

7700 

9.13 

154 

.22 

7920 

9.36 

168 

.23 

8400 

9.96 

168 

1.52 

1.43 

| 

Dia 
32 

I 

I 

£ 
P 

Dia 
33 

1 

3 

a 

1 

H 

1 

.32 

750 

.89 

16 

.33 

800 

.95 

20 

2 

.32 

1500 

1.78 

32 

.33 

1600 

1.90 

40 

3 

.32 

2250 

2.67 

48 

.33 

2400 

2.85 

60 

4 

.32 

3000 

3.56 

64 

.33 

3200 

3.80 

80 

5 

.31 

3750 

4.45 

80 

.32 

4000 

4.75 

100 

6 

.30 

4500 

5.34 

96 

.31 

4800 

5.70 

120 

7 

.29 

5250 

6.23 

112 

.30 

5600 

6.65 

140 

8 

.28 

6000 

7.12 

128 

.29 

6400 

7.60 

160 

9 

.27 

6750 

8.01 

144 

.27 

7200 

8.55 

180 

10 

.26 

7500 

8.90 

160 

.26 

8000 

9.50 

200 

11 

.25 

8250 

9.79 

176 

.25 

8800 

10.45 

220 

12 

.24 

9000 

10.68 

192 

.24 

9600 

11.40 

240 

1  .33 

1.25 

11 


First  Column— Number  of  16  feet  logs  in  the  tree 

Second   Column — Diameter   of   tree,   in   bold 

face  figures,  at  mean  height,  with  reading 

of  Folding  Scale  in  inches,  and  hundredths 

underneath  it. 

Third  Column — Number  of  feet  B.  M.  in  the 


TO 

1 

Dia 
34 

1 
E* 

1 

.8 

Dia 
35 

I 

Si 

"2 

3 

.8 

1 

.34 

850 

1.00 

20 

.35 

900 

1.06 

24 

2 

.34 

1700 

2.00 

40 

.35 

1800 

2.12 

48 

3 

.34 

2550 

3.00 

60 

.35 

2700 

3,18 

72 

4 

.34 

3400 

4.00 

80 

.35 

3600 

4.24 

96 

5 

.33 

4250 

5.00 

100 

.34 

4500 

5.30 

120 

6 

.32 

5100 

6.00 

120 

.33 

5400 

6.36 

144 

7 

.31 

5950 

7.00 

140 

.32 

6300 

7.42 

168 

8 

.30 

6800 

8.00 

160 

.30 

7200 

8.48 

192 

9 

.28 

7650 

9.00 

180 

.29 

8100 

9.54 

216 

10 

.27 

8500 

10.00 

200 

.28 

9000 

10.60 

240 

11 

.26 

9350 

11.00 

220 

.27 

9900 

11.66 

264 

12 

.25 

10200 

12.00 

240 

.26 

10800 

12.72 

288 

1.18 

1.11 

1 

Dia 

1 

n 

8 

Dia 

i 

•g 

.8 

2 

36 

6 

EH 

37 

3 

i 

.36 

950 

1.12 

24 

.37 

1010 

1.19 

28 

2 

.36 

1900 

2.25 

48 

.37 

2020 

2.38 

56 

3 

.36 

2850 

3.37 

72 

.37 

3030 

3.57 

84 

4 

.36 

3800 

4.50 

96 

.37 

4040 

4.76 

112 

5 

.35 

4750 

5.62 

120 

.36 

5050 

5.95 

140 

6 

.34 

5700 

6.75 

144 

.35 

6060 

7.14 

168 

7 

.32 

6650 

7.87 

168 

.33 

7070 

8.33 

196 

8 

.31 

7600 

9.00 

192 

.32 

8080 

9.52 

224 

9 

.30 

8550 

10.12 

216 

.31 

9090 

10.71 

252 

10 

.29 

9500 

11.25 

240 

.30 

10100 

11.90 

280 

11 

.28 

10450 

12.37 

264 

.28 

11110 

13.09 

308 

12 

.26 

11400 

13.50 

288 

.27 

12120 

14.28 

336 

1.05 

1.00 

12 


tree  with  number  of    logs  per  M.,  given 

in  logs  and  hundredths,  underneath  it. 
Fourth  Column — Number  of  cords   of  wood 

in  the  tree,  given  in  cords  and  hundredths. 
Fifth  Column — Number  of    ties  in  tree,   tie 

7  by  9  inches,  and  8  feet  long. 
123          4523  45 


bil 

Dia 

1 

t 

s 

Dia 

TJ 
g 

8 

2 

38 

hi 

8 

EH 

39 

Feet 

o 

H 

1 

.38 

1060 

1.25 

28 

.39 

1120 

1.32 

28 

2 

.38 

2120 

2.50 

56 

.39 

2240 

2.64 

56 

3 

.38 

3180 

3.75 

84 

.39 

3360 

3.96 

84 

4 

.38 

4240 

5.00 

112 

.39 

4480 

5.28 

112 

5 

.37 

5300 

6.25 

140 

.37 

5600 

6.60 

140 

6 

.35 

6360 

7.50 

168 

.36 

6720 

7.92 

168 

7 

.34 

7420 

8.75 

196 

.35 

7840 

9.24 

196 

8 

.33 

8480 

10.00 

224 

.34 

8960 

10.56 

224 

9 

.32 

9540 

11.25 

252 

.32 

10080 

11.88 

252 

10 

.30 

10600 

12.50 

280 

.31 

11200 

13.20 

280 

11 

.29 

11660 

13.75 

308 

.30 

12320 

14.52 

308 

12 

.28 

12720 

15.00 

336 

.29 

13440 

15.84 

336 

.94 

.89 

Dia 
40 

1 

£ 

1 

.8 

Dia 
41 

1 

8 

2 

.40 

1190 

1.39 

28 

.41 

1250 

1.46 

32 

.40 

2380 

2.78 

56 

.41 

2500 

2.92 

64 

.40 

3570 

4.17 

84 

.41 

3750 

4.38 

96 

.40 

4760 

5.56 

112 

.41 

5000 

5.84 

128 

.38 

5950 

6.95 

140 

.39 

6250 

7.30 

160 

.37 

7140 

8.34 

168 

.38 

7500 

8.76 

192 

.36 

8330 

9.73 

196 

.37 

8750 

10.22 

224 

.35 

9520 

11.12 

224 

.36 

10000 

11.68 

256 

.33 

10710 

12.51 

252 

.34 

11250 

13.14 

288 

.32 

11900 

13.90 

280 

.33 

12500 

14.60 

320 

.31 

13090 

15.29 

308 

.32 

13750 

16.06 

352 

.29 

14280 

16.68 

336 

.30 

15000 

17.52 

384 

.84 

.80 

13 


First  Column— Number  of  1 6  feet  logs  in  the  tree 

Second  Column — Diameter   of   tree,    in    bold 

face  figures,  at  mean  height,  with  reading 

of  Folding  Scale  in  inches,  and  hundredths 

underneath  it. 

Third  Column — Number  of  feet  B.  M.  in  the 
123  452345 


1 

Dia 

1 

| 

s 

Dia 

o> 

•2 

j 

>3 

42 

£ 

6 

P 

43 

£ 

6 

P 

i 

.42 

1310 

1.53 

32 

.43 

1380 

1.60 

32 

2 

.42 

2620 

3.06 

64 

.43 

2760 

3.20 

64 

3 

.42 

3930 

4.59 

96 

.43 

4140 

4.80 

96 

4 

.42 

5240 

6.12 

128 

.43 

5520 

6.40 

128 

5 

.40 

6550 

7.65 

160 

.41 

6900 

8.00 

160 

6 

.39 

7860 

9.18 

192 

.40 

8280 

9.60 

192 

7 

.38 

9170 

10.71 

224 

.39 

9660 

11.20 

224 

8 

.37 

10480 

12.24 

256 

.37 

11040 

12.80 

256 

9 

.35 

11790 

13.77 

288 

.36 

12420 

14.40 

288 

10 

.34 

13100 

15.30 

320 

.34 

13800 

16.00 

320 

11 

.32 

14410 

16.83 

352 

.33 

15180 

17.60 

352 

12 

.31 

15720 

18.36 

384 

.32 

16560 

19.20 

384 

.76 

.72 

05 
% 

Dia 

I 

1 

8 

Dia 

1 

1 

1 

2 

44 

5 

0 

H 

45 

6t 

5 

P 

1 

.44 

1450 

1.68 

36 

.45 

1510 

1.76 

36 

2 

.44 

2900 

3.36 

72 

.45 

3020 

3.52 

72 

3 

.44 

4350 

5.04 

108 

.45 

4530 

5.28 

108 

4 

.44 

5800 

6.72 

144 

.45 

6040 

7.04 

144 

5 

.42 

7250!  8.40 

180 

.43 

7550 

8.80 

180 

6 

.41 

8700 

10.08 

216 

.42 

9060 

10.56 

216 

7 

.40 

10150 

11.76 

252 

.41 

10570 

12.32 

252 

8 

.38 

11600 

13.44 

288 

.39 

12080 

14.08 

288 

9 

.37 

13050 

15.12 

324 

.37 

13590 

15.84 

324 

10 

.35 

14500 

16.80 

360 

.36 

15100 

17.60 

360 

11 

.34 

15950 

18.48 

396 

.35 

16610 

19.36 

396 

12 

.32 

17400 

20.16 

432 

.33 

18120 

21.12 

432 

.69 

.66 

1 

14 


tree,  with  number  of    logs  per  M.,  given 

in  logs  and  hundredths,  underneath  it. 
Fourth  Column — Number  of  cords  of  wood 

in  the  tree,  given  in  cords  and  hundredths. 
Fifth  Column — Number   of   ties   in    tree,    tie 

7  by  9  inches,  and  8  feet  long. 
123  4523  45 


w. 

Oh 

1 

| 

1 

Din 

I 

n 

B 

3 

46 

& 

O 

H 

47 

£ 

a 

H 

1 

.46 

1580 

1.84 

36 

.47 

1650 

1.92 

36 

2 

.46 

3160 

3.68 

72 

.47 

3300 

3.84 

72 

3 

.46 

4740 

5.52 

108 

.47 

4950 

5.76 

108 

4 

.46 

6320 

7.36 

144 

.47 

6600 

7.68 

144 

6 

.44 

7900 

9.20 

180 

.45 

8250 

9.60 

180 

6 

.43 

9480 

11.04 

216 

.44 

9900 

11.52 

216 

7 

.41 

11060 

12.88 

252 

.42 

11550 

13.44 

252 

8 

.40 

12640 

14.72 

288 

.41 

13200 

15.36 

288 

9 

.38 

14220 

16.56 

324 

.39 

14850 

17.28 

324 

10 

.37 

15800 

18.40 

360 

.38 

16500 

19.20 

360 

11 

.35 

17380 

20.24 

396 

.36 

18150 

21.12 

396 

12 

.34 

18960 

22.08 

432 

.35 

19800 

23.04 

432 

.63 

.61 

1 

Dia 

1 

VI 
0> 

Dia 

I 

| 

i 

3 

48 

« 
| 

5 

H 

49 

fe 

0 

H 

i 

.48 

1720 

2.00 

40 

.49 

1800 

2.08 

40 

2 

.48 

3440 

4.00 

80 

.49 

3600 

4.16 

80 

3 

.48 

5160 

6.00 

120 

.49 

5400 

6.24 

120 

4 

.48 

6880 

8.00 

160 

.49 

7200 

8.32 

160 

5 

.46 

8600 

10.00 

200 

.47 

9000 

10.40 

200 

6 

.45 

10320 

12.00 

240 

.46 

10800 

12.48 

240 

7 

.43 

12040 

14.00 

280 

.44 

12600 

14.56 

280 

8 

.42 

13760 

16.00 

320 

.43 

14400 

16.64 

320 

9 

.40 

15480 

18.00 

360 

.41 

16200 

18.72 

360 

10 

.38 

17200 

20.00 

400 

.39 

18000 

20.80 

400 

11 

.37 

18920 

22.00 

440 

.38 

19800 

22.88 

440 

12 

.35 

20640 

24.00 

480 

.36 

21600 

24.96 

480 

.58 

.56 

First  Column— Number  of  16  feet  logs  in  the  tree 
Second  Column — Diameter    of   tree,    in   bold 

face  figures,  at  mean  height,  with  reading 

of  Folding  Scale  in  inches,  and  hundredths 

underneath  it. 
Third  Column — Number  of  feet  B.  M.  in  the 

tree,  with  number  of    logs  per  M.,  given 

in  logs  and  hundredths,  underneath  it. 
Fourth  Column — Number   of  cords  of  wood 

in  the  tree,  given  in  cords  and  hundredths. 
Fifth  Column — Number  of    ties  in   tree,   tie 

7  by  9  inches,  and  8  feet  long. 
123  45 


1 

Dia 
50 

I 

1 

1 

1 

.50 

1870 

2.17 

44 

2 

.50 

3740 

4.34 

88 

3 

.50 

5610 

6.51 

132 

4 

.50 

7480 

8.68 

176 

5 

.48 

9350 

10.85 

220 

6 

.47 

11220 

13.02 

264 

7 

.45 

13090 

15.19 

308 

8 

.43 

14960 

17.36 

352 

9 

.42 

16830 

19.53 

396 

10 

.40 

18700 

21.70 

440 

11 

.38 

20570 

23.87 

484 

12 

.37 

22440 

26.04 

528 

.53 

1C 


it  Column— Number  of  16  feet  logs  in  the  tree 
Second  Column — Diameter   of   tree,    in    bold 
face  figures,  at  mean  height,  with  reading 
of  Folding  Scale  in  inches,  and  hundredths 
underneath  it. 

Third  Column — Number  of  feet  B.  M.  in  the 
tree,  with  number  of    logs  per  M.,  given 
in  logs  and  hundredths,  underneath  it. 
12          32          32         3         2         3 


Si 

Dia 

• 

Dia 

$ 

Dia 

0> 

Dia 

1 

5 

51 

fe 

52 

£ 

53 

£ 

54 

fe 

i 

.51 

1950 

.52 

2030 

.53 

2100 

.54 

2180 

2 

.51 

3900 

.52 

4060 

.53 

4200 

.54 

4360 

3 

.51 

5850 

.52 

6090 

.53 

6300 

.54 

6540 

4 

.51 

7800 

.52 

8120 

.53 

8400 

.54 

8720 

5 

.49 

9750 

.50 

10150 

.51 

10500 

.52 

10900 

6 

.48 

11700 

.49112180 

.50 

12600 

.50 

13080 

7 

.46 

13650 

.47 

14210 

.48 

14700 

.49 

15260 

8 

.44 

15600 

.45 

16240 

.46 

16800 

.47 

17440 

9 

.42 

17550 

.43 

18270 

.44 

18900 

.45 

19620 

10 

.41 

19500 

.42 

20300 

.42 

21000 

.43 

21800 

11 

.39 

21450 

.40 

22330 

.41 

23100 

.42 

23980 

12 

.37 

23400 

.38 

24360 

.39 

25200 

.40 

26160 

.51  1 

.49 

.48 

.46 

| 

Dia 

1 

Dia 

I 

Dia 

1 

Dia 

1 

5 

55 

£ 

56 

£ 

57 

2 

58 

£ 

1 

.55 

2270 

.56 

2350 

.57 

2440 

.58 

2520 

2 

.55 

4540 

.56 

4700 

.57 

4880 

.58 

5040 

3 

.55 

6810 

.56 

7050 

.57 

7320 

.58 

7560 

4 

.55 

9080 

.56 

9400 

.57 

9760 

.58 

10080 

5 
6 

.53 
.51 

11350 
13620 

.54 
.52 

11750 
14100 

.55 
.53 

12200 
14640 

.56 
.54 

12600 
15120 

7 
8 

.50 
.48 

15890 
18160 

.50 
.49 

16450  (.51 
18800  .50 

17080 
19520 

.52 
.50 

17640 
20160 

9 

.46 

20430 

.47 

21150 

.48 

21960 

.48 

22680 

10 

.44 

22700 

.45 

23500 

.46 

24400 

.46 

25200 

11 

.42 

24970 

.43 

25850 

.44 

26840 

.45 

27720 

12 

.40 

27240 

.41 

28200 

.42 

29280 

.43 

30240 

.44 

.43 

.41 

.40 

17 


First  Column— Number  of  16  feet  logs  in  the  tree 

Second  Column — Diameter    of    tree,    in    bold 

face  figures,  at  mean  height,  with  reading 

of  Folding  Scale  in  inches,  and  hundredths 


1     2 


3 


3 


1 

Dia 

1 

Dia 

1 

Dia 

I 
* 

Dia 

1 

2 

59 

£ 

60 

£ 

61 

62 

£ 

1 

.59 

2610 

.60 

2700 

.61 

2800 

.62 

2890 

2 

.59 

5220 

.60 

5400 

.61 

5600 

.62 

5780 

3 

.59 

7830 

.60 

8100 

.61 

8400 

.62 

8670 

4 

.59 

10440 

.60 

10800 

.61 

11200 

.62 

11560 

5 

.57 

13050 

.58 

13500 

.59 

14000 

.60 

14450 

6 

.55 

15660 

.56 

16200 

.57 

16800 

.58 

17340 

7 

.53 

18270 

.54 

18900 

.55 

19600 

.56 

20230 

8 

.51 

20880 

.52 

21600 

.53 

22400  .54 

23120 

9 

.49 

23490 

.50 

24300 

.51 

25200 

.52 

26010 

10 

.47 

26100 

.48 

27000 

.49 

28000 

.50 

28900 

11 

.45 

28710 

.46 

29700 

.47 

30800 

.48 

31790 

12 

.43 

31320 

.44 

32400 

.45 

33600 

.46 

34680 

.38 

.37 

.36 

.35 

1 

Dia 

1 

Dia 

1 

Dia 

I 

Dia 

1 

,3 

63 

& 

64 

65 

66 

£ 

i 

.63 

2990 

.64 

3090 

.65 

3190 

.66 

3290 

2 

.63 

5980 

.64 

6180 

.65 

6380 

.66 

6580 

3 

.63 

8970 

.64 

9270 

.65 

9570 

.66 

9870 

4 

.63 

11960 

.64 

12360 

.65 

12760 

.66 

13160 

5 

.61 

14950 

.62 

15450 

.63 

15950 

.63 

16450 

6 

.59 

17940 

.60 

18540 

.61 

19140 

.62 

19740 

7 

.57 

20930 

.58 

21630 

.59 

22330 

.59 

23030 

8 

.55 

23920 

.56 

24720 

.57 

25520 

.57 

26320 

9 

.52 

26910 

.53 

27810 

.54 

28710 

.55 

29610 

10 

.50 

29900 

.51 

30900 

.52 

31900 

.53 

32900 

11 

.48 

32890 

.49 

33990 

.50 

35090 

.51 

36190 

12 

.46 

35880 

.47 

37080 

.48 

38280 

.49 

39480 

.33 

.32 

.31 

.30 

18 


underneath  it. 

Third  Column — Number  of  feet  B.  M.  in  the 
tree,  with  number  of  logs  per  M.,  given 
in  logs  and  hundredths,  underneath  it. 


1     2 


3 


3 


3 


2 


3 


tn 
3 

Dia 

1 

Dia 

1 

Dia 

I 

Dia 

1 

2 

67 

£ 

68 

£ 

69 

£ 

70 

& 

1 

.67 

3390 

.68 

3500 

.69 

3610 

.70 

3720 

2 

.67 

6780 

.68 

7000 

.69 

7220 

.70 

7440 

3 

.67 

10170 

.68 

10500 

.69 

10830 

.70 

11160 

4 

.67 

13560 

.68 

14000 

.69 

14440 

.70 

14880 

5 

.64 

16950 

.65 

17500 

.66 

18050 

.67 

18600 

6 

.63 

20340 

.64 

21000 

.64 

21660 

.65 

22320 

7 

.60 

23730 

.61 

24500 

.62 

25270 

.63 

26040 

8 

.58 

27120 

.59 

28000 

.60 

28880 

.61 

29760 

9 

.56 

30510 

.57 

31500 

.57 

32490 

.58 

33480 

10 

.54 

33900 

.54 

35000 

.55 

36100 

.56 

37200 

11 

.52 

37290 

.52 

38500 

.53 

39710 

.54 

40920 

12 

.49 

40680 

.50 

42000 

.51 

43320 

.51 

44640 

.29 

.29 

.28 

.27 

03 

s 

Dia 
71 

| 

& 

Dia 
72 

o> 

r® 

m 

Dia 
73 

0) 

1 

Dia 
74 

| 

& 

1 

.71 

3830 

.72 

3950 

.73 

4060 

.74 

4180 

2 

.71 

7660 

.72 

7900 

.73 

8120 

.74 

8360 

3 

.71 

11490 

.72 

11850 

.73 

12180 

.74 

12540 

4 

.71 

15320 

.72 

15800 

.73 

16240 

.74 

16720 

5 

.68 

19150 

.69 

19750 

.70 

20300 

.71 

20900 

6 

.66 

22980 

.67 

23700 

.68 

24360 

.69 

25080 

7 

.64 

26810 

.65 

27650 

.66 

28420 

.67 

29260 

8 

.62 

30640 

.63 

31600 

.63 

32480 

.64 

33440 

9 

.59 

34470 

.60 

35550 

.61 

36540 

.62 

37620 

10 

.57 

38300 

.58 

39500 

.58 

40600 

.59 

41800 

11 

.55 

42130 

.55 

43450 

.56 

44660 

.57 

45980 

12 

.52 

45960 

.53 

47400 

.54 

48720 

.54 

50160 

.26 

.25 

.25 

.24 

19 


First  Column— Number  of  16  feet  logs  in  the  tree 

Second  Column — Diameter   of    tree,    in    bold 

face  figures,  at  mean   height,  with  reading 

of  Folding  Scale  in  inches,  and  huridredths 


1     2 


3       2 


3         2 


1 

Dia 

1 

Dia 

1 

Dia 

1 

Dia 

1 

2 

75 

& 

76 

£ 

77 

fc 

78 

i 

.75 

4300  .76 

4420 

.77 

4540 

.78 

4660 

2 

.75 

86001.76 

8840 

.77 

9080 

.78 

9320 

3 

.75 

12900  .76  13260 

.77 

13620 

.78 

13980 

4 

.75 

17200  .76  17680  .77 

18160 

.78 

18640 

5 

.72 

21500  .73  22100 

.74 

22700 

.75 

23300 

6 
7 
8 

.7025800  .71 
.6830100  .68 

.6534400  .66 

26520 
30940 
35360 

.72 
.69 
.67 

27240  i  .  73 
3  1730  i.  70 
36320  .68 

27960 
32620 
37280 

9 

.62 

38700  .63 

39780 

.64 

40860  |.  65 

41940 

10 
11 

.60 
.58 

43000  .61 
47300  .58 

44200 
48620 

.62 

.59 

454001.62 
49940  .60 

46600 
51260 

12 

.55 

51600  .56 

53040  .57 

54480 

.57 

55920 

.23 

.23 

.22 

I   .21 

1 

Dia 

I 

1 

Dia 

1 

Dia 

1 

^ 

79 

80 

£ 

81 

£ 

82 

£ 

1 

.79 

4790L80 

4910 

'81 

5040 

.82   5170 

2 

.79 

9580  .80 

9820 

'.81 

10080 

.82  10340 

3 

.79 

14370  .  80 

14730 

.81 

15120 

.82!  15510 

4 
5 

.79  19160  .80 
.7623950  .77 

19640 
24550 

.81 
.78 

20160 
25200 

.821  20680 
.79  25850 

6 

.74 

28740  .75 

29460 

.76130240 

.77 

31020 

7 

.71 

33530  .72 

34370 

.73)35280 

.74 

36190 

8 

.69 

38320 

.70 

39280  .70J40320 

.71 

41360 

9 

.66 

43110 

.67 

44190  .6745360 

.68 

46530 

10 

.63 

47900 

.64 

49100 

.65 

50400 

.66 

51700 

11 

.61 

52690 

.62 

54010 

.62 

55440 

.63 

56870 

12 

.58 

57480 

.59 

58920 

.60 

60480 

.60 

62040 

.21 

.20 

.20 

.19 

20 

underneath  it. 

Third  Column — Number  of  feet  B.  M.  in  the 
tree,  with  number  of  logs  per  M.,  given 
in  logs  and  hundredths,  underneath  it. 


1     2 


3       2 


3 


3 


2 


Dia 

1 

Dia 

1 

Dia 

1 

Dia    * 

83 

£ 

84 

£ 

85 

& 

86 

En 

.83 

5290 

.84 

5420 

.85 

5550 

.86 

5690 

.83 

10580 

.84 

10840 

.85 

11100 

.86 

11380 

.83 

15870 

.84 

16260 

.85 

16650 

.86 

17070 

.83 

21160 

.84 

21680 

.85 

22200 

.86 

22760 

.80 

26450 

.81 

27100 

.82 

27750 

.83 

28450 

.78 

31740 

.79 

32520 

.79 

33300 

.80 

34140 

.75 

37030 

.76 

37940 

.77 

38850 

.77 

39830 

.72 

42320 

.73 

43360 

.74 

44400 

.75 

45520 

.69 

47610 

.70 

48780 

.71 

49950 

.72 

51210 

.66 

52900 

.67 

54200 

.68 

55500 

.69 

56900 

.64 

58190 

.65 

59620 

.65 

61050 

.66 

62590 

.61 

63480 

.62 

65040 

.62 

66600 

.63 

68280 

.19 

.18 

.18 

.18 

1 

Dia 

I 

Dia 

1 

Dia 

1 

Dia 

1 

2 

87 

h 

88 

to 

89 

£ 

90 

fe 

i 

.87 

5820 

.88 

5950 

.89 

6090 

.90 

6220 

2 

.87 

11640 

.88 

11900 

.89 

12180 

.90 

12440 

3 

.87 

17460 

.88 

17850 

.89 

18270 

.90 

18660 

4 

.87 

23280 

.88 

23800 

.89 

24360 

.90 

24880 

5 

.84 

29100 

.85 

29750 

.86 

30450 

.87 

31100 

6 

.81 

34920 

.82 

35700 

.83 

36540 

.84 

37320 

7 

.78 

40740 

.79 

41650 

.80 

42630 

.81 

43540 

8 

.76 

46560 

.77 

47600 

.77 

48720 

.78 

49760 

9 

.72 

52380 

.73 

53550 

.74 

54810 

.75 

55980 

10 

.70 

58200 

.70 

59500 

.71 

60900 

.72 

62200 

11 

.67 

64020 

.68 

65450 

.68 

66990 

.69 

68420 

12 

.64 

69840 

.65 

71400 

.65 

73080 

.66 

74640 

.17 

.17 

.16 

.16 

21 


First  Column— Number  of  16  feet  logs  in  the  tree 

Second   Column — Diameter   of   tree,   in   bold 

face  figures,  at  mean  height,  with  reading 

of  Folding  Scale  in  inches,  and  hundredths 


1     2 


3 


3 


3 


1 

Dia 

I 

Dia 

1 

Dia 

i 

Dia 

1 

3 

91 

i 

92 

£ 

93 

£ 

94 

£ 

1 

.91 

6360 

.92 

6500 

.93 

6640 

.94 

6780 

2 

.91 

12720 

.92 

13000 

.93 

13280 

.94 

13560 

3 

.91 

19080 

.92 

19500 

.93 

19920 

.94 

20340 

4 

.91 

25440 

.92 

26000 

.93 

26560  .94 

27120 

5 

.87 

31800 

.88 

32500 

.89 

33200 

.90 

33900 

6 

.85 

38160 

.86 

39000 

.87 

39840 

.88 

40680 

7 

.82 

44520 

.83 

45500 

.84 

46480 

.85 

47460 

8 

.79 

50880 

.80 

52000 

.81 

53120 

.82 

54240 

9 

.76 

57240 

.77 

58500 

.77 

59760 

.78 

61020 

10 

.73 

63600 

.74 

65000 

.74 

66400 

.75 

67800 

11 

.70 

69960 

.71 

71500 

.72 

73040 

.72 

74580 

12 

.67 

76320 

.68 

78000 

.68 

79680 

.69 

81360 

.16 

.15 

.15 

.15 

00 

0 

Dia 

1 

Dia 

3 

Dia 

1 

Dia 

1 

3 

95 

ft 

96 

£ 

97 

& 

98 

£ 

i 

.95 

6920 

.96 

7070 

.97 

7210 

.98 

7360 

2 

.95 

13840 

.96 

14140 

.97 

14420 

.98 

14720 

3 

.95 

20760 

.96 

21210 

.97 

21630 

.98 

22080 

4 

.95 

27680 

.96 

28280 

.97  28840 

.98 

29440 

5 
6 

.91 
.89 

34600 
41520 

.92 
.90 

35350 
42420 

.93  36050 
.91  43260 

.94 

.92 

36800 
44160 

7 

.86 

48440 

.86 

49490 

.87 

50470 

.88 

51520 

8 

.83 

55360 

.83 

56560 

.84 

57680 

.85 

58880 

9 

.79 

62280 

.80 

63630 

.81 

64890 

.82 

66240 

10 

.76 

69200 

.77 

70700 

.78 

72100 

.78 

73600 

11 

.73 

76120 

.74 

77770 

.75 

79310 

.75 

80960 

12 

.70 

83040 

.71 

84840 

.71 

86520 

.72 

88320 

.14 

.14 

.14 

.14 

22 


underneath  it. 

Third  Column — Number  of  feet  B.  M.  in  the 
tree  with  number  of  logs  per  M.,  given  in 
logs  and  hundredths,  underneath  it. 


3 


2 


3 


3 


1 

Dia 
99 

8 
I 

Dia 
100 

0> 

1 

Dia. 
101 

| 

<u 
fe 

1 

.99 

7510 

1.00 

7640 

1.01 

7790 

2 

.99 

15020 

1.00 

15280 

1.01 

15580 

3 

.99 

22530 

1.00 

22920 

1.01 

23370 

4 

.99 

30040 

1.00 

30560 

1.01 

31160 

5 

.95 

37550 

.96 

38200 

.97 

38950 

6 

.93 

45060 

.93 

45840 

.94 

46740 

7 
8 

.89 
.86 

52570 
60080 

.90 

.87 

53480 
61120 

.91 
.88 

54530 
62320 

9 

.82 

67590 

.83 

68760 

.84 

70110 

10 

.79 

75100 

.80 

76400 

.81 

77900 

11 

.76 

82610 

.77 

84040 

.78 

85690 

12 

.73 

90120 

.74 

91680 

.74 

93480 

.13 

.13 

.13 

! 

Dia. 
102 

• 

c 
ft 

Dia. 
103 

+s 

B 
& 

Dia. 
104 

1 

t-i 

i 

1.02 

7950 

1.03 

8100 

1.04 

8250 

2 

1.02 

15900 

1.03 

16200 

1.04 

16500 

3 

1.02 

23850 

1.03 

24300 

1.04 

24750 

4 

1.02 

31800 

1.03 

32400 

1.04 

33000 

5 

.98 

39750 

.99 

40500 

1.00 

41250 

6 

.95 

47700 

.96 

48600 

.97 

49500 

7 

.92 

55650 

.93 

56700 

.941  57750 

8 

.89 

63600 

.90 

64800 

.90 

66000 

9 

.85 

71550 

.86 

72900 

.87 

74250 

10 

.82 

79500 

.82 

81000 

.83 

82500 

11 

.78 

87450 

.79 

89100 

.80 

90750 

12 

.75 

95400 

.76 

97200 

.76 

99000 

.13 

.12 

.12 

23 


First  Column— Number  of  16  feet  logs  in  the  tree 

Second  Column — Diameter   of   tree,    in    bold 

face  figures,  at  mean  height,  with  reading 

of  Folding  Scale  in  inches,  and  hundredths 

underneath  it. 

Third  Column — Number  of  feet  B.  M.  in  the 
tree,  with  number  of  logs  per  M.,  given  in 
logs  and  hundredths,  underneath  it. 
12  32  32  3 


a 

Dia. 

1 

Dia. 

1 

Dia. 

1 

2 

105 

fa 

106 

fa 

107 

fa 

i 

1.05 

8410 

1.06 

8570 

1.07 

8730 

2 

1.05 

16820!  1.06 

17140 

1.07 

17460 

3 

1.05 

25230)  1.06 

25710 

1.07 

26190 

4 

1.05 

33640 

1.06 

34280 

1.07 

34920 

5 

1.01 

42050 

1.02 

42850 

1.03 

43650 

6 

.98 

50460 

.99 

51420 

1.00 

52380 

7 

.95 

58870 

.95 

59990 

.96 

61110 

8 

.91 

67280 

.92 

68560 

.93 

69840 

9 

.87 

75690 

.88 

77130 

.89 

78570 

10 

.84 

84100 

.85 

85700 

.86 

87300 

11 

.81 

92510 

.82 

94270 

.82 

96030 

12 

.77 

100920 

.78 

102840 

.79 

104760 

.12 

.12 

.11 

cc 
M 

Dia. 

1 

Dia.    | 

Dia. 

1 

2 

108 

fa 

109    £ 

110 

£ 

i 

1.08 

8890 

1.09!  9060 

1.10 

9230 

2 

1.08 

17780 

1.09  18120 

1.10 

18460 

3 

1.08 

26670 

1.09  27180 

1.10 

27690 

4 

1.08 

35560 

1.09  36240 

1.10 

36920 

5 

1.04 

44450 

1.05.  45300 

1.06 

46150 

6 

1.01 

53340 

1.02;  54360 

1.03 

55380 

7 

.97 

62230 

.98 

63420 

.99 

64610 

8 

.94 

71120 

.95 

72480 

.96 

73840 

9 

.90 

80010 

.91 

81540 

.92 

83070 

10 

.86 

88900 

.87 

90600 

.88 

92300 

11 

.83 

97790 

.84 

99660 

.85 

101530 

12 

.79 

106680 

.80 

108720 

.81 

110760 

.11 

.11 

.11 

24 


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25 


HINTS  ON  CRUISING. 

Where  timber  is  small  and  dense  and 
rapid  cruise  is  desired,  apply  "Averaging 
System."  Run  twice  through  each  forty 
acres,  count  all  trees  on  8  acres  as  you  go, 
base  estimates  on  the  average  acre.  If  for 
example,  the  S.  W.  i  of  the  S.  W.  £  of  a 
Section  is  to  be  examined,  pace  East  one  tally 
(20  rods)  from  S.  W.  corner  of  Section,  thence 
run  North.  Have  Compassman  call  out 
each  tally  (20  rods);  the  Cruiser  will  judge  as 
accurately  as  possible  by  sight  an  8  rods 
strip,  run  through  center  of  strip,  counting 
all  trees  4  rods  each  side  of  him.  (4  rods 
equals  12k  paces).  In  counting  or  tabu- 
lating your  trees  as  found,  of  course,  due 
regard  must  be  given  noticeable  defects  in 
considering  Heights  and  Diameters  and  pro- 
per allowance  made  therefor.  Class  the 
kinds  of  timber  separately.  It  is  very  im- 
portant to  the  owner  to  note  streams,  and 
prominent  topographical  features  even  in  a 
rapid  examination.  At  three  tallies  North 
(60  rods),  run  east  one  tally  (20  rods);  then 
you  will  have  counted  all  the  trees  on  four 
acres.  (Check  average  acre  and  other  ob- 
servations made  of  the  West  half,  etc.). 
Continue  run  one  tally  further  East,  thence 
South  3  tallies,  you  will  be  proceeding  through 
East  half  of  the  40  acres  to  Section  Line. 
Tabulating  the  trees  as  you  go  or  counting 
and  booking  the  total  results  found,  when 
you  have  finished  this  run.  Therefore,  hav- 
ing examined  carefully  the  8  acres  you  then 
have  gained  the  knowledge  of  stand  per  acre. 
Assuming  the  timber  on  the  40  acres  is  equal- 
ly dense,  then  40,  multiplied  by  the  average 
acre  gained  is  the  total  stand,  of  course,  due 
allowance  and  j udgment  must  be  used  for  bare 
spots,  light  stands,  burns,  etc. 

NOTE — Whenever     the     term     "Pace" 
appears,  it  means  two  steps  or  64  inches. 

A  Close  Cruise. 

Run  5  times  through  each  40  acres,  count 
all  trees  on  each  2  acres  as  you  go,  booking 
26 


knowledge  gained  at  each  tally  (20  rods).  If 
for  example,  the  S.  W.  J  of  the  S.  W.  i  of  a 
Section  is  to  be  examined,  pace  East  (25 
paces)  from  the  S.  W.  corner  of  Section, 
thence  run  North.  Have  Compassman  call 
one  tally  (20  rods)  stop,  and  give  a  right 
angle,  the  Cruiser  will  judge  as  accurately  as 
possible  by  sight  a  16  rods  strip,  run  through 
center  of  strip,  counting  all  trees  (8  rods)  on 
each  side  of  him.  (8  rods  equals  25  paces). 
Therefore  having  carefully  counted  the 
trees  on  2  acres  and  booking  the  results. 
Continue  North  one  tally  further,  counting, 
observing  and  again  booking  knowledge  gain- 
ed. Continue  North  and  repeat  at  each  tally 
until  you  have  reached  4  tallies,  then  run 
East  (25  paces)  and  book  final  observations 
of  this  8  acre  strip.  Thence  continue  East 
25  paces  further,  thence  south  one  tally, 
again  booking  knowledge  gained.  Continue 
back  and  forth  through  the  40,  observing, 
counting  and  booking  at  each  tally  (2  acres), 
and  proving  up  at  the  Section  Line  at  each 
strip.  Therefore  having  examined  carefully 
the  40  acres  by  2  acres,  you  then  have  gained 
the  knowledge  of  stand,  sizes,  kinds,  quality 
and  contents  of  timber  of  each  kind,  etc.  as 
well  as  the  minutes  of  the  topography  of  the 
surface,  etc. 

NOTE — The  Cruiser  should  have  an 
assistant. 

NOTE — Observations  should  include  in 
your  diagram  locations  and  width  of  streams 
and  their  courses,  hills,  divides,  low  passes, 
roads,  trails,  undergrowth,  dead  trees,  down 
trees,  canyons,  etc.,  burns,  improvements,  if 
any,  and  what  may  be  the  fire  risk,  etc.,  quality 
of  soil,  1st,  2nd,  or  3rd  grade,  etc.  At  best,  the 
average  estimate  is  only  an  approximate  one; 
have  your  deduction,  therefore,  safe.  Judg- 
ment as  to  quality  and  logging  conditions  as 
well  as  the  knowledge  of  finding,  counting  and 
estimating  timber  should  be  cultivated. 


27 


PRESERVATION  OF  TIMBER. 

Disease,  Cause  and  Effects. 

The  decay  of  timber  is  caused  by  the 
growth  and  activities  of  fungi.  The  minute 
spores  of  one  of  these  fungi,  germinating 
on  a  piece  of  wood,  send  out  fine  threads, 
which  enter  the  wood  cells  and  soon  give 
off  a  complex  compound  called  a  ferment 
or  enzyme,  which  dissolves  certain  parts  of 
the  wood  fibre.  The  dissolved  fibre  serves 
as  food  for  the  fungus.  The  threads  throw 
out  branches  and  sub-branches,  and  soon 
the  timber  is  permeated  by  a  mass  of  such 
threads,  the  growing  parts  of  which  give 
off  ferment.  The  action  of  the  ferment 
changes  the  chemical  and  physical  properties 
of  the  wood,  rendering  it,  in  some  cases, 
like  brown  charcoal,  in  others  white,  soft 
and  stringy,  and  the  wood  is  said  to  be  rotten 
or  decayed.  Eventually  some  of  the  threads 
grow  out  from  the  surface  of  the  timber,  and 
form  toadstools  and  other  excrescences. 
Under  these  are  found  cavities  containing 
thousands  of  spores,  which,  when  ripe,  are 
blown  off  into  the  air  and  settle  upon  other 
timbers,  where  the  precess  is  repeated. 
Moisture  and  heat  are  favorable  to  the 
growth  of  the  fungi,  as  are  also  the  starches, 
sugars  and  oils  found  in  the  cells  of  the  sap- 
wood  but  wanting  in  the  heart  wood.  If 
protected  from  the  action  of  these  fungi, 
wood  will  last  indefinitely.  Hence  the 
accumulation  of  dead  wood  should  be  avoided. 
If  air  is  excluded,  as  when  timber  is  kept 
constantly  and  entirely  immersed  in  salt  or 
fresh  water,  the  fungi  cannot  thrive.  Sap 
confined  in  timber  with  air,  ferments,  pro- 
ducing dry  rot;  as  where  beams  are  enclosed 
air-tight  in  brick  work.  etc..  and  where 
green  timber  is  painted  or  varnished,  or 
treated  with  creosote,  etc.  The  sap  then 
not  noly  prevents  the  thorough  penetration 
of  the  oil,  etc.,  but  may  cause  the  greater 
part  of  the  wood  to  rot  although  its  firm 
outer  shell  gives  it  a  deceptive  appearance 

28 


of  strength.  Sap  should  therefore  be  first 
removed  by  seasoning;  that  is,  either  by 
drying  the  wood  in  air  at  natural  or  higher 
temperatures,  or  by  first  steaming  the  wood 
under  pressure  so  as  to  vaporize  the  sap, 
and  then  removing  the  latter  by  means  of 
a  vacuum.  Thorough  seasoning  of  large 
timbers  in  dry  air  at  ordinary  temperatures 
may  require  years;  too  rapid  kiln-drying 
cracks  and  weakens  the  wood.  But  it  is 
questionable  whether  steaming  and  vacuum 
removes  sap  as  thoroughly  as  do  the  slower 
dry  processes.  Alternate  exposure  to  water 
and  air  is  very  destructive.  It  causes  wet 
rot. 

Sea  worms,  the  limnoria  terebrans,  works 
from  near  high  water  mark  to  a  little  below 
the  surface  of  mud  bottom;  the  teredo  navalis 
within  somewhat  less  limits.  The  teredo 
is  said  to  be  rendered  less  active  by  the 
presence  of  sewage  in  water. 

The  best  limber-preserving  processes  are 
practically  useless  unless  thoroughly  well 
done.  If  the  gain  in  durability  will  not 
warrant  the  expenditure  of  time  and  money 
required  for  this,  it  is  more  economical  to 
use  the  wood  in  its  natural  state.  The 
woods  best  adapted  to  treatment  are  those 
of  an  open  or  porous  texture.  They  absorb 
the  oil,  etc.,  better  than  the  denser  woods; 
and  their  cheapness  renders  the  use  of  the 
treatment  more  economical.  Most  of  the 
processes  in  common  use  seem  to  render 
wood  less  combustible.  After  treatment 
by  any  process,  the  wood  should  be  well 
dried  before  using.  Creosote  oil,  or  dead 
oil,  is  the  best  known  preservative.  Against 
sea  worms  it  is  effective  for  15  to  20  years. 
The  teredo  is  less  active  in  the  north  than  in 
the  south. 

-See  paper  by  Dr.  Hermann  von  Schrenk, 
read  before  the  American  Railway  Engi- 
neering and  Maintenance  of  Way  Associa- 
tion, March,  1901. 


29 


Section 


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32 


SECTION  DIAGRAM  AND  KEY  THERE- 
TO  AND    NATURAL   SECANTS. 

The  Diagram  and  Key  will  enable  a  Compass- 
man  to  easily  approach,  from  a  given  point,  any 
of  the  several  corners  bounding  a  Section  and 
call  out  the  various  40  lines  to  the  Cruiser.  (One 
may,  too,  solve  other  problems  from  it,  should 
circumstances  require).  The  seven  courses 
shown  on  diagram  are  North-Easterly, 
but  the  method  applies  to  any  direction. 
It  may  occur  at  times  that  the  Compassman 
may  have  to  solve  his  own  problem.  (The 
key  will  assist  him).  If  Compassman  stands, 
for  instance,  at  1-8  post,  four  tallies  North  of 
the  S.  E.  corner  of  Section,  desiring  to  reach 
center  of  Section  (course  6  suggests  itself, 
latitude  being  half  of  departure).  See  course 
6  in  Key.  One  tally  equals  69  paces,  2 
forties  equal  554  paces.  Angle  63°  26' 
(marked  on  inner  edge  of  Compass  Circle) 
Therefore,  run  North  63°  26' West,  a  distance 
of  554  paces,  and  you  have  center  of  section.  At 
four  tallies  of  69  paces  each  you  have  the  40 
line  (call  it  to  your  Cruiser),  at  8  tallies  (4 
more  from  40  line)  you  reach  central  point  of 
Section. 

The  compiler  of  this  book  recommends  (the 
use  of  paces)  the  value  of  one  pace  equaling 
64  inches  or  two  ordinary  steps.  Therefore 
62  paces  equals  one  tally,  equals  20  rods 
distance,  etc. 

NATURAL  SECANTS. 

In  furnishing  the  natural  secants  for  each 
course,  perhaps  a  rapid,  easy  and  accurate 
means  will  be  found  to  determine  on  a  given 
course  the  diagonal  distances.  Multiply 
secant  number  by  length  of  one  side  of  the 
square,  product  will  be  required  distance. 
If  for  instance,  you  desire  to  ascertain  dis- 
tance in  rods  from  corner  of  Section  diagon- 
ally to  opposite  corner,  the  angle  is  45  degrees, 
secant  number  1.41421.  Multiply  1.41421  by 
320  rods,  the  result  is  452.54720.  Cut  off 
5  decimals.  Therefore  the  result  is  452  J  rods. 

33 


Te  find  OT.. 

AE,e^arAs  0Z.  ABC,  inaccessible. 
find  £>/?  the  ground  tysiybtiny  to  Z. 
measure  i'a  \tfindD.liif  sifA/tny  to  Z. 
ED.zsx  *f  E  A.  07.. 


34 


WIND  RIVER 


35 


HINTS — Use  Barbow's  Mirror 
Cruising  Compass. 

Made  useful.  Assists  Compassmen  as  well 
as  Cruisers.  Divided  in  quadrants.  Gradu- 
ated in  degrees  from  0  to  90  each  way.  Car- 
dinal letters  on  raised  circle  as  well  as  a  con- 
spicuous black  pointer  at  each  letter.  Letter 
E.  and  W.  reversed  so  as  to  facilitate  angles 
readings.  Variation  turned  off  and  set  for 
locality  to  be  used.  Inner  edge  of  raised 
circle  graduations  harmonize  with  the  several 
corners  bounding  a  section.  A  simple  device 
attached  to  (stop  to  needle  bar)  preventing 
the  adherence  of  bar  upwards  when  it  should 
be  downwards,  removing  one  great  annoy- 
ance. 

Hints  to  Beginners — The  art  of  Compassing 
is  best  learned  by  doing  it.  Should  state 
briefly  however — Hold  Compass  squarely  be- 
fore you,  cover  or  North  end  always  ahead , 
practice  to  run  straight  and  pace  correctly,  face 
course  as  nearly  as  possible,  when  you 
either  open  or  close  compass,  tilt  compass  a 
little  to  prevent  unnecessary  swinging  of 
needle.  Practice  to  take  a  sight  quickly, 
don't  wait  until  needle  comes  to  a  stop,  course 
known  as  soon  as  needle  swings  equally  on 
each  side  of  (pointer).  See  that  you  hold 
compass  level,  let  the  continuous  center  line 
through  compass  guide  your  sight  to  object 
ahead  on  your  line.  In  case  of  an  open 
country,  sight  object  as  far  as  possible 
(rather  two  objects)  on  your  line,  keeping  the 
nearer  object  covering  the  farther  one,  etc. 
(cultivating  the  art  of  running  a  straight  line) . 
When  it  is  desired  to  run  diagonally  through 
a  Section  or  ascertain  the  distance  across  a 
canyon,  streams  or  any  points  not  accessible, 
consult  section  diagram  and  Key  thereto. 

To  avoid  obstructions,  etc.,  found  in  your 
course  bear  off,  say,  10  degrees  from  said 
course,  distance  one  tally.  Then  having  got- 
ten around  obstructions,  bear  in  10  degrees, 
one  tally,  back  to  original  course.  (Add  two 
paces  to  two  tallies.) 

3G 


lember — Always  read  the  North  end 
of  needle,  it  will  indicate  your  angle. 
If,  for  example,  while  sighting  to  an  object 
the  north  end  points  10  degrees  between  S. 
and  E.,  read  the  angle  South  10°  East. 

Number  of  Paces. 

You  will  vary  from  a  given  point  in  running 
one  mile  (17%  paces)  for  each  degree.  If  you 
err  to  the  right,  variation  is  too  low;  raise  it. 
If  to  the  left,  you  are  too  high;  lower  it.  i  or 
£  of  one  mile  will  cause  you  to  vary  i  or  £  of 
the  number  of  paces  given,  etc. 

NOTE — Please  remember  that  surveys  don't 
always  show  true  corners.  Too  often  is  it 
found  that  the  Governmental  Surveyors  have 
been  careless  or  negligent  in  their  establish- 
ment of  proper  Section  or  quarter  posts. 
Therefore  be  diligent  in  your  search  for  them . 

Standard  Corners  and  Closing  Corners, 
marked  S.  C.  and  C.  C.  respectively,  are  es- 
tablished by  the  government  on  township 
lines  (rather  Correction  lines)  from  a  few  feet 
to  several  hundred  feet  apart.  Therefore 
guard  against  taking  the  wrong  one.  The 
government  establishes  no  Quarter  Post  on 
Correction  lines  to  a  Closing  Section;  in  other 
words,  between  two  Closing  Corners. 

Sight  Trees — Are  those  which  the  line  ac- 
tually passes  through,  and  are  marked  with 
two  notches  on  each  side,  and  are  called  for 
in  the  field  notes — mark  the  line. 

TEXAS  LAND  MEASURE. 

(Also  used  in  Mexico,  New  Mexico,  Arizona 
and  California.) 

1  vara  equals  331  inches. 

1,900. .8  varas  equals  1  mile. 

3,612,800  square  varas  equals  1  section 
equals  640  acres. 

225,800  square  varas  equals  1^  section 
equals  40  acres. 

37 


Square  of  475  varas  equals  JL  section  equals 
40  acres. 

To  find  the  number  of  acres  in  any  number 
of  square  varas,  multiply  the  latter  by  177 
(or  to  be  more  exact,  by  1771),  and  cut  off 
six  decimals. 

San  Antonio,  Texas,  variation  in  1904, 
—8°  3'  +3.1. 

MAGNETIC   DECLINATIONS. 

Variations  of  the  compass  for  the  Epoch 
January,  1904: 

With  the  annual  change  from  1900  to  f90£. 
for  the  principal  places  in  the  United  States. 

A  (  +  )  sign  denotes  West  Declinations; 
a  minus  ( — )  sign  East  Declinations.  For 
the  annual  change  a  plus  sign  denotes  in- 
creasing West  or  decreasing  East  Decli- 
nation, and  a  minus  sign  the  reverse. 
(Part  of  reports  of  the  United  States  Coast 
and  Geodetic  Survey  given.) 

Variation      Annual 
Jan.,  1904     Change 

Sitka,  Alaska — 29°  53'         O'.O" 

Olympia,  Wash —22     41          0.0 

Portland,  Oregon — 22     32          0.0 

San  Francisco,  Cal — 16     42          0.0 

Madison,  Wis —  4     57      -f5.0 

Portland,  Maine +14     32     +1.3 

Columbia,  S.  C —  0     12     +3.1 

Demarcation  Point, Alas.  — 39     50     +10  .0 

Philippines,  Manila —  0     52    —  1.0 

THE  MAGNETIC  POLE. 

In  a  lecture  at  Glasgow,  by  Professor 
Thompson,  he  stated  that  the  magnetic  pole 
is  at  present  near  Boothia  Felix,  more  than 
1000  miles  to  the  west  of  the  geographical 
pole. 

In  1557  the  position  of  the  needles  showed 
the  magnetic  pole  to  be  due  north.  It  had 
been  eastward  before  that;  it  then  began  to 
point  westward,  and  this  ^yestwa^d  variation 
continued  to  increase  until  1816,  when  the 
maximum  was  attained;  it  has  since  steadily 
diminished,  and  in  1976  it  will  again  point 
to  the  true  north. 

38 


Profesror  Thompson  sayr  thiit  the  changes 
which  have  been  observed,  not  only  in  this 
direction  but  in  the  strength  of  the  earth's 
magnetism,  show  that  the  same  causes 
which  originally  magnetized  the  earth  are 
still  at  work;  and,  strangely  enough,  these 
changes  do  not  occur  at  long  intervals  in 
the  course  of  centuries  but  are  going  on  from 
day  to  day,  from  week  to  week  and  from 
year  to  year.  — Authority. 

AGREEMENT  FIXES  BOUNDARY. 
Decision   in   Case   of   Washington   Line 
Fence  in  1906. 

The  Supreme  Court  decided  that  where 
a  boundary  line  between  two  tracts  of  land 
has  been  fixed  by  mutual  agreement  between 
the  owners  and  remains  the  recognized 
dividing  line  for  a  period  of  20  years,  it  in 
fact  becomes  the  actual  boundary,  notwith- 
standing a  subsequent  Government  survey 
finds  it  is  wrongly  located. 

The  case  on  which  the  point  was  decided 
was  appealed  from  Columbia  County  where 
two  neighbor  farmers  agreed  on  the  boundary 
line  between  their  land  in  1881  and  set  their 
fence  on  that  line.  In  1903  a  Government 
survey  developed  the  fact  that  the  fence 
was  not  on  the  true  line  and  one  of  the 
owners  set  his  fence  over  on  the  line  fixed 
by  the  Government  survey.  His  neighbor 
brought  an  action  to  compel  the  removal  of 
the  fence  to  its  original  location  and  the 
courts  have  upheld  him.  The  case  was 
entitled  E.  L.  Lindley,  respondent,  vs.  K.  A. 
Johnston,  appellant. 

Note. — Oregon  Statute  limitation  is  10 
years. 

Conclusion. 

I  am  indebted  to  many  kind  friends  for 
suggestions,  help  and  encouragement  extended 
me.  My  chief  endeavor  has  been  to  place  in 
compact  form  information  of  value  to  them 
and  to  others.  JOSEPH  BARBOW. 

Portland,  Oregon. 

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